| How this Course will be Taught
 First, do not access this website via your cell phone or a similar device because 
this site is formatted for computers.You must have 
access to a reliable 
internet and a
computer--if you do not have one please use the student computers on campus.This an online course, but there will be no
classes on Zoom. (Therefore, no class attendance and hence no class 
participation). However, it super-important that you keep open the 
day/time scheduled for this course. Why? Because the test schedule (see 
below) cannot be
 changed for reasons of academic integrity (meaning to prevent 
cheating). 
There are no required textbooks. Instead, all class lecture and homework materials
 will be available online 24/7 to give you flexibility in how you manage
 your time. NOTE: For copyright reasons they will be available only via 
this class home page and NOT via UBLearns (see homework schedule 
below). Homework assignments will consist of readings AND/OR films/documentaries. <-- Read this paragraph again.
Regarding specifically film/documentary homework assignments: they 
will usually consist of two sections--either together within one video 
or sometimes separately. Section one will comprise class lecture 
materials (encompassing a combination of materials, such as: notes, 
slides, film/video excerpts, still images, etc.), while section two will
 be the film itself. NOTE: for test purposes both sections will be 
equally important..
Because this is an online class, the term "homework" refers to 
everything you are assigned to do in this class via announcements on 
this class home page, and/or via emails to you, and/or via UBLearns; that is, it does NOT cover anything you have not been assigned in writing.
Important: you must download all homework materials to your 
computer, so you can have access to it 24/7. Plus, if too many people 
are attempting to access the homework online at the last minute you may 
not be able to access it at all.
 
Course Requirements/Grading Policy 
What this Course is AboutBecause
 this is an online course it will be heavily test-based to ensure that 
you are doing your homework assignments. (See below for more about the 
tests.) 
Tests/quizzes/exam altogether will be worth 80% of your final course grade.
There will be a final exam
(20%) during exam week, which will have one additional function: depending on 
your performance, to also use it as extra-credit to boost your final 
course grade (provided you have a passing grade in the course after the final exam). 
There will be a two-part test-based term paper project, it will be worth 20% of your final course grade. 
Letter
grade equivalents of percentage points:   A =97-100   A-
=93-96    B+ =90-92  B =85-89   B- =80-84  
 C+ =73-79    C =66-72    C- =60-65  
 D+ =55-59   D =51-54   F =0-50 Do
not use your phone to access either homework materials, and/or to do the tests.Most
communications about the course will be via course announcements via this page and/or via emails as it progresses.
You must read your emails from the instructor regularly AND save them in an email folder you must
create in your email account. IMPORTANT: See also note below about emails format.You must know how to navigate the internet, including accessing Brightspace (UBLearns). You must know how to read
text on a computer screen. You
must take notes on the homework material, but your notes must be very,
very brief (about two or three words per page or scene, as you go
through the material--taking detailed notes means you are not digesting
the material). You will need these notes for tests, since tests are open book.
                  Your are NOT permitted to use AI (artificial intelligence, such as
 ChatGPT) to fulfill any of the requirements for this course--including 
homework, tests, term paper, etc.
 If you claim that you cannot see a link for
an item (or some other essential information), send me a clear 
picture of your entire computer screen,
edge to edge (meaning EVERYTHING visible to you on your screen must be 
included in the picture), as an email attachment. Reminder: IF, in the extremely rare instance,
 there is a missing link
(or some other information) it will affect the entire class, not just 
you. (The internet does not discriminate against specific individuals, 
whoever they may be.)If you have a disability, reasonable accommodations for equal 
access to this course should be requested through Accessibility 
Resources in Capen 60. However, providing me with a note from 
Accessibility Resources may not enough. Because, if necessary, you must 
also indicate how I can best accommodate your needs.University regulations stipulate that any modification of course 
requirements for one student must be made available to other students 
too (unless it is a disability-related modification. NOTE: If you are still registered for this course beyond the final
 add/drop deadline for course registration, then it will be assumed that
 you have thoroughly read, understood, and agreed to abide by all course
 requirements for this class. In fact, you may be asked to submit a 
disclaimer that you read the syllabus diligently
 and will fully abide with all the course requirements, as well as all 
mandatory university requirements.     
 
    
    About EmailsThe principal purpose of this course is to explore that part of 
U.S. law that has dealt with the human rights / civil rights of African 
Americans (and by implication other racial ethnic groups in U.S. 
society: Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, etc.). 
Our objective will be to explore the interaction of law, race, and 
society from the perspective of issues such as culture, history, gender,
 identity, politics, class, the media, etc., and from the perspective of
 the historical evolution of democracy in the United States. Please note
 that the primary focus of this course will be on how law impacts 
society, and how society impacts law. Less attention will be devoted to 
the nitty-gritty of how law is legislated, or decided (case law). In 
other words, this is not a course typical of a course in law school; it 
is a course typical of departments such as African American Studies, 
American Studies, Sociology, Political Science; and so on. However, if 
you are intending to go to law school, you should still find this course
 of relevance. 
This course is not
 intellectually demanding (in fact, compared to your other courses, it 
is probably the easiest course you will ever take in this school); 
however, it is designed for those taking
no more than 15 credit hours total, and do not have a full-time job.
<--Read this sentence again. Homework, on average, will require about one "concentrated" hour per day
 of your time
(which equals to about 7-8 concentrated hours per week--this is similar 
to doing 3
hours of class time, plus about 4 hours of homework for an in-person
class). Note: A concentrated hour is an hour that requires full 
concentration from you--that means no distractions of any kind! 
The learning outcomes for this course are available via the long form of the syllabus (see link below).
 
About the TestsTo foster professionalism, when you send me e-mails, they must be in
 a professional format; otherwise, you may not get a response. Example 
of professional format: Begin with “Dear Instructor”;… and end with 
“Sincerely”, …. Plus, your name as it appears in school records.
Emails must be sent only via UB mail and NOT via UBLearns.
The subject heading of your email must always include these two 
items: the course number, and what your email is about in a few words.
Emails will usually be read and answered on the days this course is 
scheduled. Again, all e-mails must be sent via regular UB e-mail (and 
not UBLearns).
This is an online course; therefore, do not send me emails with 
questions that have already been answered. If you do, I will simply ask 
you to go back and read the relevant announcement / instruction that 
answers your question.
Again, because this an online course, it is really important that 
when you write about some clarification you need regarding an 
announcement, an instruction, etc. that you quote the exact sentence or 
paragraph that you are writing about. (Quoting does NOT mean taking a 
picture.)
 
Tests will take place ONLINE via UBLearns approximately every two weeks (see schedule below). 
                      
Tests will comprise multiple-choice questions. Note: majority of test 
questions will be aimed at determining if you did do the homework at all
 AND that you did the homework diligently.
Tests will not be proctored--which means to prevent cheating other measures will have to be implemented.
Tests will be open book--which means if you have access to 
another computer you can, if necessary, refer to the relevant homework 
while taking the test.
Tests
 will carry some extra points. Why? As an insurance against the 
possibility of an error or against the possibility
that you, as an individual, may find one or two questions problematic in
 some way--assuming you did all assigned homework diligently--repeat,
 diligently! (Needless to say, if you did not study the homework at all,
 or if you did not study it diligently, you probably will find all 
questions problematic. Yes?)
Tests will be available online only via the course page (under the heading "quizzes") on Brightspace (UBLearns)--and not via this class home page.
Tests will usually take
place per your UB course schedule for this class; that is, on Wednesdays,
between 2:00 pm and 4:40 pm--however, the exact start time for 
each test will be specified (see below). NOTE: This day/time cannot be 
changed (to prevent cheating). In other words, everyone must take the test at the same time on the same day.
Tests will be available only for 
the duration of the time allocated for the test after it
becomes available on Brightspace at the specified time; not 
before and not after.
(Example: Supposing the test is 45 minutes long and it starts at 2:00
pm. It will close at 2:45 pm.) Once a test begins it cannot be 
“reopened” if you step away from it for any reason. If, in my 
estimation, you had a valid reason for stepping away from the test then a
 new test will have to be constructed. The same holds true for missing a
 test. NOTE: Claiming that you had some technical issue with your computer is NOT an 
acceptable excuse. Why? Because you must always have a backup--especially when taking
 tests--such as using campus computers, etc.
Warning: Tests/quizzes will be very
demanding IF you don’t do your homework at all, or you don’t do it on on
time, or if you do it SWD (studying while distracted). NOTE: Since
tests will be every two weeks, attempting to cram about 14-15 hours of
homework (total time) into a few hours at the very last minute on test day will
NOT allow you to do well on the tests--in fact, you probably won't pass them.If you are allowed to retake a test, then a 
12-point improvement rule applies--meaning the score on your retake must
 be 12 points (or more) higher than your first original score--which must not be in the F zone. This 
means you must also redo the homework to do well on the retake.
For additional information about the tests (and the homework the tests will cover) see below. 
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